Taiji Silk Reeling Exercise (
Chansigong )
Is It The Ultimate Basic Exercise For All Martial Artists As
Well As Chen Taiji’s Best Kept Secret?
Chen
Style Taiji has a unique method of teaching basics to beginners by using a
drill known as silk reeling. The drill named for its resemblance to the smooth,
circular and spiraling movements of the silk worm larva wrapping itself up in
to its cocoon as well as the equally smooth method often associated with an
individual unraveling the cocoon for the extraction of the silk thread (used in
the production of silk). However the continued practice of this basic drill evolves
into a much more sophisticated exercise. It evolves into a means for uncovering
deeper and more refined layers of understanding pertaining to advanced body
movement and breath control. Even the most accomplished practitioner will
benefit from this silk reeling.
Over the past 45 years or so I have
spent more than a substantial amount of
time dedicating myself to a few specific arts (a decade plus for most and over two decades with Taiji ). I have
also invested shorter, but equally intense durations in a multitude of other
arts searching for additional points of view and bare essentials. I am a firm
believer in building from the ground up and never under estimate the value of
what I first learn at the early stages of training (and how I can build on that
solid platform). I have applied this
philosophy in other pieces of my personal wellness program such as meditation, nutrition,
strength and endurance training as well as life itself. As much as I do love the traditions
associated with martial arts, I have made that a secondary aspect of my
practice. I have tried not to become blinded by those traditions at the cost of
practicality. I do remain aware of the fact that they do hold their place and
are essential in fully understanding any particular martial discipline
regarding where the art came from, how and why it evolved the way in which it
did. Two important things to remember:
All martial arts evolve over time and for good reasons. One being the need to
adapt to new environments secondly no two individuals are exactly the same. Once the practitioner comprehends these
points through diligent practice they too can evolve as a martial artist. Harmoniously
blending principles together when possible (even if from different arts) to
attain a higher level of proficiency has been done throughout martial art
history and continues to do so.
Martial arts are not about cloning
forms from master to student. Success is based on the proper transmission of
principles and how they apply to each individual.
Keep in mind my most comfortable
shoes will never fit anyone else exactly the way they fit me and some people
won’t even be able to get their feet inside to see what they feel like. It
would be useless to spend time trying to make them fit if they were either too
small or too large. That does not mean every movement or technique the
individual learns in conjunction with a specific martial art should be avoided
at the first sign of a challenge. But do
remember, for many reasons not every aspect of every art is one-hundred percent
suitable for everyone and must sometimes be modified to suit the individual’s
needs. The needs for modifications may be based on many factors. To name a few such
as environment, age, previous injuries and realistically speaking genetics related
to size and strength as well as skeletal structure, muscles, tendons and
ligament insertion regarding the skeletal system etc…. That being said many
martial art principles do remain universal, but the applications of those
principles may require some adjustments.
What does this have to do with the
title of this article and “Silk Reeling”? Simply put, silk reeling is by far the most
basic yet important training method I have ever engaged in. It is applicable to
every martial art I have ever practiced as well as any movement your body
performs (or breath you take) under both ordinary and extraordinary circumstances.
It also possesses equal significance associated to an individual’s health and
longevity. I have already mentioned the
importance of basics, but one must realize that even previously reliable basics may become counterproductive or even corrosive
to our body and our health if not adjusted properly to conditions such as
aging, injuries etc…. What was correct and natural for me yesterday, may not be
correct and natural for me tomorrow or today for that matter. From the highly
athletic to the extreme elderly silk reeling requires but a minor modification
if any and can be done in a standing or seated position. If any
exercise can stand (or sit) the test
of time both through the history of a martial art and the history of an
individual’s life, Silk Reeling is it.
What is silk reeling?
It is Chen Taji’s method of
tempering the body for the most efficient and productive movement possible.
This exercise ordinarily follows standing pole
(zhang zhaung) practice. Based on
Yin and Yang it uses spiraling and circular body motion, related to ligament,
tendons, muscle, skeletal structure as well as all joints of the body (in a simultaneous
or sequential fashion). Proper alignment and center awareness with minimal
amount of tension throughout the body and mind are essential.
Secondly but equally important is
the breath coordinated with all movement as related to the Traditional Chinese
Medicine theory of Jingluo (qi circulating throughout the body ).
Thirdly it prepares the student on
movements easily transferable to the Taiji forms. Forms which consist of both
slow and fast as well as empty hand, weapons and two man push hands practice.
All the above which lead to self defense applications and free style fighting
such as Sanda.
However silk reeling can also be
practiced as a standalone exercise for any martial artist (not only Taiji
players) or individual of any age and any condition seeking to improve overall
health. Therein lies the beauty and
uniqueness of silk reeling.
The end results from the martial
perspective is the development of an extreme sensitivity in reading an opponent
as well as a keen sense of awareness as to where the bodies boundaries are. Additional skills learnt from silk reeling,
defensively allows the Taiji player to lead the opponent in to being off
centered and in the wrong place while you remain centered in right place. That
set of circumstances lends to allowing the Taiji player to capitalize on the
opponent’s weaknesses before they can readjust and regain their center of balance
and consider defending. In other words the trained opponent is temporarily
unable to use their honed skills and becomes vulnerable while the Taiji player
possesses the superior position to counterattack. These counters are a versatile arsenal of
strikes with a variety of body parts,
joint-locks, sweeps, take-downs as well as submissions (all of which are based on the mechanics of
silk reeling) to control the attacker.
From the health perspective the
body’s immune system is enhanced as well as improved balance, coordination, neurological
strength from brain to muscle and physical strength. Perhaps most importance is
its ability to relieve stress. Silk reeling utilizes the theory of qi
circulation mentioned above. It creates an internal flow of qi and helps
promotes overall health. All above being
prerequisites for maintaining quality of life for any ages.
The silk reeling routine uses a
variety of single and two arm circular motions. These circles engage use of the
entire body and all of its joints likened to the moving parts of a well
designed Swiss watch. Any movement is a sum of all of the body’s parts without
the over extending of any. Arm circle combinations cover almost every
imaginable combination of clockwise and counter clockwise circles. They are
also done
from a variety of positions such as horse, bow and empty
stances. If the practitioner places an overabundance
of attention to either Yin or Yang an imbalance will occur.
(Below
19th Gen Grand Master Zhu Tiancai demonstrating single arm silk
reeling)
Above - Hand/wrist rotating away from center
Above - Hand/wrist
rotating towards center
The hand/wrist rotating outward is referred to as a Ni circle.
The hand/wrist rotating inward towards center is referred to
as a Shun circle
Two other important characteristics of the hand/wrist are a
rising wrist and sinking wrist. These four movements are combined and form the
visible circular path.
Keep in mind that these movements come from a proper rooted,
but relaxed position. By pushing off the ground which drives the turning of the
waist and rotation of the dantain transfering the energy upward through the
upper body, shoulder, elbow and hand. The process continues (without stopping)
reversing the energy flow back to the dantian and repeats itself in a circular,
spiraling, relaxed fashion (repetitiously).
(Above 19th Gen Grand Master Zhu
Tiancai with author demonstrating
various two arm silk reeling combinations)
For those interested in primarily the health
aspect they need not practice the countless adaptations of these circles.
For martial artists in the advanced stages the
circle can become small in nature. (Sometimes invisible, but still present.) They should be performed at different speeds
while still keeping the body properly aligned and always maintaining a good
awareness of one’s center without over extending in any direction. The
transitions related to the stances offer training in foot-work that will later
become essential for the martial artist in a free style environment. The Taiji
martial artist will learn how to defend every angle from any angle. The circles
will vary in size training the practitioner in both defense and offense against
all attack styles from strikes, grappling and joint-locks. Circles although resembling blocks from other
styles are designed more for deflection and leading an opponent in to a sense
of disarray regarding their balance as
opposed to meeting the direct impact of a strike head on. Silk reeling eventually graduates in to a two
man drill (known as push-hands) where timing and position as well as reading an
opponent are practiced. As in many arts
timing and position are key, but perhaps Taiji takes them to an even more
articulate level. This training enhances those principles.
The Taiji practitioners gains experience in
relaxing the body’s unused muscle, ligaments and tendons and conservative use
of those needed to maintain balance or engage in any specific tasks or movements.
This creates quite the challenge for an opponent to employ joint-locks, strikes
and throws successfully. It is this same relaxed body that allows the Taiji
player to release an extraordinary amount of power in any directions when
striking out at an opponent. Strikes are usually short and non-telegraphic in
nature but none the less quite explosive. As another means of defense the
smaller circles are equally effective at both reversal of joint locks when
attempted by the opponent as well as joint locking the opponent for submission
or inflicting more intense damage to their joints. More
detailed explanations of Taiji principles are explained in my Demystifying
Taiji articles. If you dismiss Taiji training as a strictly senior citizen
activity you ought to reinvestigate this art at a traditional training
facility.
Having the ability to move your body is not
unique. Having the skill to move your body and perform at peak efficiency the
way in which it was intended is.
And that is a product of Silk Reeling.
___________________________________________________________________
19th Generation Chen
Family Grand Master Zhu Tiancai’s
FIVE GOLDEN RUES.
1
Sink (relax the kua)
2
Shift (substantial and
insubstantial )
3
Rotation (turning of the waist)
4
Coordinate Upper Body Movement
5
Coordinate Breath
If you are interested in learning
more about silk reeling and how it can enhance your own martial skills or add
better health to your life regardless of your condition contact me.
Steve Contes
Email: taijicenter@aol.com
Web Site: taijicenter.com
About
the author/Steve Contes: A practicing martial artist for over 45 years
(presently a full-time Chen Taijiquan
Instructor) and researcher of philosophy and health from around the
world, old and new. He also promotes seminars both here in the states as well
as in Chen Jiagou (Chen Village) Henan, China with some of the world’s leading
authorities on Chen Taijiquan. Training
tours throughout China are also available.